BEAUTI TECH: 03/06/11

Sunday, March 6, 2011

Color

Color may be identified by a name, number, letter or any combination of the three. However, unlike the Pantone or Munsell systems used in the art and fashion industries, commercial cosmetic product names are not standardised. If a make-up artist requests a "Medium Beige" foundation, the result can vary drastically from brand to brand, and sometimes, within one brand across different formulas. Cosmetic companies can also edit and adjust their formulations and shades at any time, so the Medium Beige foundation a consumer has been wearing for years can, without warning, be made darker, lighter, and more or less yellow than it had been before.

Foundation (cosmetics)

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Foundation is a skin coloured cosmetic applied to the face to create an even, uniform colour to the complexion, to cover flaws, and, sometimes, to change the natural skintone. Foundation applied to the body is generally referred to as 'Body painting".

History

The use of cosmetics to enhance the complexion has been known since antiquity. “Face painting” is mentioned in the Old Testament (Ezekiel 23:40). Ancient Egyptians used foundation. In 200 B.C., ancient Greek women applied white lead powder and chalk to lighten their skin. It was considered fashionable for Greek women to have a pale complexion. Roman women also favoured a pale complexion. Men also wore makeup to lighten their skin tone.^[1] They would use white lead powder, chalk, and creams to lighten their skin tone. Wealthy Romans favoured white lead paste, which can lead to disfigurements and death. The cream is made out of animal fat, starch, tin oxide.^[2] The fat would be made from animal carcasses and they heated the carcasses to remove any color. Tin oxide is made out of heating tin metal in air. The animal fat provides a smooth texture and the tin oxide provided color to the cream.^[3]

Throughout the Middle Ages in Europe, it was considered fashionable for women to have pale skin. Upperclass Greco-Roman women show off their affluence by being pale. Having a pale face signifies upper social class. A tanned women would be considered lower class. Women would wear water soluble lead paint or powder. In the 6th century, women would often bleed themselves to achieve a pale complexion.^[4] One of the most popular powders is called Aqua Tofana, an arsenic face powder. The container contained a note telling women to visit the creator, Signora Toffana. They can get instructions from her. She told them to apply the powder to their cheeks. Women unknowingly placed the powder on their cheeks and died because the powder is poisonous.^[5] During the Italian Renaissance, many women wore water–soluble lead paint to their faces. Throughout the 17th century and the Elizabethan era, women wore ceruse, a lethal mixture of vinegar and white lead. They also applied egg whites to their faces to create a shiny complexion.^[6] Many men and women died from wearing lead based make-up.

In the 18th century, Louis XV made it fashionable for men to wear lead based makeup.^[1] Theatrical actors wore heavy white base.^[7]

In the late 18th century and early 19th century, Victorian women wore little or no makeup. Queen Victoria abhored make-up and deemed that it was only appropriate for prostitutes and loose women to wear make-up. It was only acceptable for actors or actresses to wear make-up. In the late 19th century, women would apply a whitening mixture made out of zinc oxide, mercury, lead, nitrate of silver, and acids. Some women stay out of the sun, ate chalk, and drank iodine to achieve whiteness.^[4]

In the Edwardian era, women wore base and did not bleach their skin as much as the women did in previous centuries.^[8]

Modern foundation can trace its roots to Carl Baudin of the Leipzeiger Stalt theatre in Germany. He is the inventor of greasepaint. He wanted to conceal the joint between his wig and forehead, so he developed a flesh-coloured paste made of zinc, ochre and lard. This formulation was so popular with other actors that Baudin began producing it commercially, and, as such, gave birth to the first theatrical makeup.^[9]

This would be the standard for theatrical make-up until 1914, when legendary makeup artist Max Factor created Flexible Greasepaint that was more reflective under the lighting on movie sets.^[10] Although make-up would evolve dramatically from Baudin’s invention, theatrical make-up is, to this day, not too far removed from the original blend of fats and pigment.

[edit] Pan-Cake

The first commercially available foundation was Max Factor’s Pan-Cake. Originally developed for use in film, actresses were so taken with the results that Max Factor was overwhelmed with demand for the product for their personal use. The breakthrough in his formula was the first “foundation and powder in one”; traditionally, an actor was made up with an oil/emollient based make-up, which was then set with powder to reduce the reflection and ensure it would not fade or smudge. Pan-Cake used talc — rather than oil or wax — as the base, and, applied directly to the skin with a wet sponge, it offered enough coverage (it could be layered without caking on the skin) to eliminate the need for a foundation underneath. This was considered significantly more lightweight and natural-looking on the skin than the standard method, hence the keenness of people to wear the item in public. Although foundation make-up was widely available and used within the film industry, the use of cosmetics in general was still somewhat disreputable, and no one had tried to market foundation (although lipstick, blush and nail polish were popular for daily use) as an everyday item. Factor had the product patented in 1937, and, in spite of the economic turmoil of the era, Pan-Cake became one of the most successful cosmetic launches of all time. By 1940, it was estimated than 1 in 3 North American women owned and wore Pan-Cake.^[11] As of February 2009, Procter and Gamble, the brand’s current owner, confirmed the original formula Factor developed and used himself is still sold today.

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Access to and publication of this information is governed by the Access to nonpublic data policy, as well as specific policies covering some of the functions in question. Sharing information with other privileged users is not considered "distribution."

Release: Policy on Release of Data

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20 Beauty Secrets Every Teen Should Know

Or, What We Wish We Knew 20 Years Ago

By Julyne Derrick, About.com Guide

Filed In:

Teen Beauty

Country Music Television Awards, April 14, 2008

Photo by Stephen Lovekin/Getty Images

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"No, I'm not! I'm not a tomboy! I love my makeup! That's not true! I'm not a tomboy!" -- Hilary Duff, Academy Award-winning actress

There's nothing worse than getting advice from older people, we know, we know, but the truth is some advice is worth taking and keeping, especially when it comes to fun beauty tips. We've been reading fashion magazines and testing beauty products for years. In this time, we've read 1000s of beauty tips, tried 1000s of products, but only a few are worth keeping around. So, here we share with you the 20 things we wish we knew when we were teenagers.

1. Skip the foundation If you have acne the first thing you want to do is slather on the thick foundation. Don't. Foundation is for women over 35. Not only will it cover up your natural beauty, but foundation on a teenager looks anything but natural. Instead, cover up blemishes with concealer, then follow with a powder or tinted mosturizer. Tinted moisturizers tend to be lighter than heavy foundations.

2. You pat concealer in, you never rub it in We know this from watching the Tyra Banks show. When applying concealer, put a bit on the pad of your middle finger and pat it in. Never rub. Got acne? Pat the concealer on top of it.

3. Play up your lips or your eyes, never both If you are wearing heavy eye makeup, go for nude lips with just a bit of gloss. Prefer the drama of dark lipstick? Keep face light (stay away from heavy blush) and wear only mascara on your eyes and a light eyeshadow. Don't heavily line your eyes. Play up both and you'll look like a clown.

And never, ever line lips in a darker color than your gloss or lipstick.

4. Less is more Ever notice how some of your friends look best with no makeup at all? No matter your age, too much makeup makes you look worse. If you wear foundation, powder, blush, liner, mascara, eyeshadow, lip liner and gloss on an everyday basis, then you're overdoing it. Tone it down: All you really need is a great mascara, concealer for blemishes and gloss. Add a pop of blush in winter.

5. Natural hair is always hot If you have super dark hair, lighten your look by going a shade darker or getting lighter highlights. Blonde? Try highlights, especially framing the face. We see too many teens lightening their hair several shades and the look can be super-tacky, not super-fabulous. The trick is to let people assume you were born with sun-kissed hair, not that you gave yourself a bad dye job from a bottle. More hair color tips here.

6. Vaseline is your best friend Vaseline is a great, cheap eye makeup remover. It's also great for fixing chapped, scaly lips. Slather on a bunch of Vaseline, then use a toothbrush to massage lips. Wipe the excess off on a tissue. Your lips will be smooth and soft.

7. You can never go wrong with layers Long layers are great for any hair type: Super curly, straight or wavy. It makes thin hair appear thicker, curly hair appear manageable and wavy hair appear just-got-back-from-the-beach sexy. Just make sure you don't get too many layers cut in. Too many short layers is dated.

8. Acne? Get thee to a dermatologist, stat Biggest mistake people with acne make? Not going to a dermatologist. Forget those $150 jeans you covet. Getting rid of those pimples will be the best investment you'll ever make. And the only guaranteed way to do it is with a dermatologist.

9. Spend money on key beauty products Not sure what to splurge on and what to save on? I give you the scoop in this article. See if you should splurge or save on cleansers, mascara, concealer and more.

10. Buying foundation or lipstick? Test it first There are some beauty products you simply must try out at a department store or Sephora before you buy. These include: Foundation, lipstick, blush and powder.

Buy these products in a grocery store and you'll be lucky if you picked the right color for your skin tone. What you can get away with without testing: Mascara, eye liner, most basic eye shadows and lip gloss.

11. When can you skip sunscreen ? Never Here's a trick we wish we knew: The first beauty product you should apply every day is sunscreen, even if it's cloudy or rainy outside. Why? Good habits start young and if you use sunscreen now, you'll have gorgeous skin when you're 50, 60, 70. Remember, the sun's UV rays can penetrate clouds and car windows.

12. Wrapping hair around the barrel creates waves There's nothing cooler than long, layered waves. To get them, wind hair AROUND the barrel of a large curling iron. Reverse direction for each 2-inch section (wind up for one, down for another).

13. Self-tanner will always stink Unfortunately, even the best ones smell. Your best bet is to apply self-tanner a good 24 hours before an important event and take a shower (don't loofah) to wash off any smell. For really big events like a dance or wedding, consider a professional spray tan. These are pricey and don't last long, so make sure to do it a day before the big event.

14. Don't let nails go Not into manicures and pedicures? No worries. Just make sure to keep nails clean and the same length. If you do want to paint them, don't keep the polish on until half of it's chipped away. Also, there's nothing worse than too-long toenails. Keep nails clipped between pedicures! People tend to judge others by the care they put into their hands and feet.

Beauty Tips for Men

Most men will not admit to needing beauty tips but deep down some men are just as insecure about their looks as women are. Men freak out at the sign of gray hair as much as women do, the best way to years off the way you look is to get rid of gray hair. You should begin covering it up as soon as you begin to see it, if you wait until there is a lot then it becomes more noticeable. By using products like Just for Men you can color that gray away.

David Gandy, 2007 beautiful man, British model If you have hair that is a little on the long side and you start to notice that you are going bald. Try cutting your hair to a shorter style. Avoid the comb over altogether it just makes you seem older. As you begin to lose hair on top you may notice nose, ear and back hair. You can trim ear and nose hair and if you wish to you can get a wax to remove any unwanted back hair.

For skin care, try using a light moisturizer on the skin with sunscreen. It is just as good for men to get into a daily regimen for skin care. Do a cleansing then use an exfoliate scrub or mask and then follow with a light moisturizer. Once your skin begins to get smoother and softer, shaving won’t be such a chore. Also include your hands and feet in your daily grooming routine. Use a pumice stone to remove dead skin cells and then moisturize, you don’t have to use the pumice every day but try to do it at least once a week.

Some extra grooming tips are: If you are not the ironing type of person then right after drying your clothes in the dryer remove them so they do not wrinkle. In the warm and hot weather, wear light colors and cotton clothes. These fabrics will absorb less heat and any stains will be kept at a minimum. Also, to avoid embarrassing stains, consider trimming or shaving your under arm hair. There will be fewer odors and you will actually be cooler.

Here is a tip for extending the life of your razors, buy a bottle of mineral oil and some rubbing alcohol. When you are done shaving, clean out the razor and dry them. Then completely submerse the razor head in a shallow dish of mineral oil, use the rubbing alcohol to wash away the mineral oil.

How to Conceal Pimples

When they happen to pop up, pimples can be a very embarrassing problem. If you have an important event that you need to attend, a pimple is the last thing that you want to have on your face. Luckily, there are a number of different things that you can do to conceal pimples.

1. Use a concealer. The first thing that you want to consider doing is using a concealer to hide your pimples. When you decide to do this, however, it is important for you to make sure that you have opted for a shade that matches your skin tone. Otherwise, it will be made obvious that you are concealing pimple.

2. Use facial powder to conceal pimples. If you do not have any on hand, you can use eye shadow in place of it, assuming that it is very close to your natural skin tone. One of the main reasons that facial powder tends to be a better option for some people instead of concealer is because it often feels a lot lighter and less oily.

3. Draw attention to other areas of the face. When you put emphasis on your eyes or lips, you will be causing people to focus on these areas rather than on your pimples. Keep in mind that certain shades of makeup do tend pimples to stand out more, such as red lipstick or pink eye shadow.

These are just some of the things that can be done to conceal a pimple. In order to ensure that your pimple goes away, it is important to make sure that you maintain a proper skin care routine.

Sephora Beauty Retailer for Cosmetics, Skin & Makeup

Most women have heard of or visited one of the many Sephora locations. These stores and this brand name are associated with vast cosmetics lines. Stores are found in shopping malls and shopping plazas around the country. It is one of the most unique offerings of this sort in the beauty industry. The name itself is extremely unique.

Sephora is taken from two different places. It is a culmination of the name of the wife of Moses and a Greek term. The Sephora retail store began with a specific concept. This store developed in 1964 in France. Today we know it as the number 1 retail beauty chain store. The history of the chain has served to define what it has become.

Sephora was purchased by the world famous Louis Vuitton Company in 1997. Currently there are more than 500 of these great retail stores. Sephora can be found in at least 14 countries. It prides itself on carrying 250 brand name cosmetics products. This store's flexibility and its diversity appeals to women around the world. Let's take a look at some of the offerings found at Sephora.