Gold Bond medicated powder is a brand of over-the-counter skin irritation medication produced by Chattem of Chattanooga, Tennessee, now a subsidiary of the French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis. It is available as both a powder and a topical cream. Gold Bond is used to curb moisture, control odor, and soothe minor skin irritation, notably jock itch. Spin-off products are designed for specific uses, such as foot powders or powders for infants to treat diaper rash.
The active ingredients of Original Strength Gold Bond Powder are Menthol (0.15%) and zinc oxide (1.0%). Some product variants, such as Gold Bond Extra Strength Powder, offer higher concentrations of the active ingredients.
Head & Shoulders is a brand of anti-dandruff shampoo produced by Procter & Gamble. Head & Shoulders Classic Clean Shampoo is the top selling shampoo in the United States by dollar sales.
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Procter & Gamble researchers first decided on making a new anti-dandruff shampoo in 1950. Nearly a decade of research went into making a new formula, which introduced the product pyrithione zinc into a shampoo.[citation needed]
Head & Shoulders was first introduced to the U.S. market in November 1961, as a blue-green shampoo formula.
The brand's "Extra Strength" product had a cameo role in the 2001 film Evolution, where its startling copper orange color was shown. It should be noted that the active ingredient in Extra Strength Head & Shoulders is selenium sulfide, not pyrithione zinc.
An endorser of Head and Shoulders Shampoo is NFL Superstar Troy Polamalu, who plays for the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Hydrolyzed collagen, like gelatin, is made from by-products of beef, pork, and fish production, including the skin, bones, and connective tissue. There have been concerns that human consumption of hydrolyzed collagen may expose the consumer to a risk of TSE (Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy).
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with support from the TSE (Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy) Advisory Committee, has since 1997 been monitoring the potential risk of transmitting animal diseases, especially bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The FDA study concluded: "...steps such as heat, alkaline treatment, and filtration could be effective in reducing the level of contaminating TSE agents; however, scientific evidence is insufficient at this time to demonstrate that these treatments would effectively remove the BSE infectious agent if present in the source material."
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Hydrolyzed collagen is used not only in health and nutrition but also in nutraceuticals and cosmetics. > In Cosmetics, hydrolyzed collagen will be formulated into topical cream or facial masks. In both cases, while playing a texturizing role in the finished product, it will help moisturize and firm the skin. These products will be mainly found in North America and Asia. In Europe, hydrolyzed collagen will be used in more complex formula, mainly targeting the treatment of age signs, such as wrinkles or skin’s loss of elasticity.
Hydrolyzed collagen is a good protein to use in blends with others for a weight management diet. It contains 8 out of 9 essential amino-acids, and proteins are recognized as being the most satiating macronutrient.[21] Hydrolyzed collagen is also a good ingredient for a sportive diet. It is important for athletes to restore their protein content after an exercise, and the consumption of hydrolyzed collagen that contains more than 97% of protein can help it. Hydrolyzed collagen also contains some glycine and arginine, two of the three amino-acids of the creatine, a molecule which present in the body and having an important play during the exercise, providing energy to the body. Finally, hydrolyzed collagen contains some arginine, which has been shown to be efficient to improve the athletic performance
Some clinical studies report that the oral ingestion of 10g of hydrolyzed collagen by day decreases the joint pain, and that patients having the most severe symptoms benefited more.[9][10]
Other clinical trials have yielded mixed results. Four studies reported positive effects with no side effects. However, the studies were not extensive and all recommended the need for further controlled studies.[11][12][13][14]
Another study found that oral collagen only improved symptoms in a minority of patients and reported nausea as a side effect.[15] Another study reported no improvement in disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.[16] Yet another study found that collagen treatment may actually cause an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.[17]
Any beneficial action is probably due to the fact that hydrolyzed collagen is accumulated in cartilage [3] and stimulates the production of collagen by the chondrocytes, the cells of cartilage.[18]
On bone health, several studies have shown that a daily intake of 10g per day of hydrolyzed collagen for 4 to 24 weeks increases bone mass density.[19][20] It seems that hydrolyzed collagen peptides stimulated the differentiation and the activity of osteoblasts, the cells that build the bone, instead of osteoclasts, those that destroy it.
One preclinical study investigated the effects of oral ingestion of hydrolyzed collagen, along with vitamin C and glucosamine, on the skin properties of women tending to have dry and rough skin. This study suggested that, with the ingestion of 5g per day during 6 weeks, the moisture content of the skin, its viscoelastic properties and its smoothness improved.[5]
Regarding the mechanism of action of hydrolyzed collagen on skin, it seems that orally ingested hydrolyzed collagen increases the density of collagen fibrils and the fibroblasts density (the fibroblasts being the main cells of the dermis, and the ones which produce collagen).[6] The explanation of this action may be that the peptides of ingested hydrolyzed collagen have chemotactic properties on fibroblasts [7] or an influence on growth of fibroblasts
Hydrolyzed collagen is a highly digestible protein, and an oral ingestion has been reported as having beneficial effects on joint & bone health, on skin health and for weight management and sports performance.[citation needed]
The bioavailability of hydrolyzed collagen has been demonstrated by many studies. In a study of 1999, scientists demonstrated on mice that more than 90% of orally administered 14C labelled hydrolyzed collagen is digested and absorbed in 6 hours after ingestion. An important part is accumulated in cartilage and skin.[3] In another study of 2005, scientists showed that the hydrolyzed collagen is absorbed in small peptides in the बलूद
Hydrolyzed collagen is produced from collagen found in the bones, skin, and connective tissue of animals such as cattle, pigs, horses, and fish. The process of hydrolysis involves breaking down the molecular bonds between individual collagen strands using heat and either acid or alkali solutions.
The hydrolysis process results in reducing the collagen proteins of about 300,000 Daltons (Da) into small peptides having an average molecular weight between 2000 and 5000 Da.
The amino acid content of hydrolyzed collagen is the same as collagen. Hydrolyzed collagen contains 20 amino acids, predominantly glycine, proline and hydroxyproline, which together represent around 50% of the total amino acid content. Glycine and proline concentration is 10 to 20 times higher than in other food sources of protein.[1]
Hydrolyzed collagen is not a complete protein. It is high in the non-essential amino acids glycine and proline, which are produced by the human body, while lacking certain essential amino acids; that is, those not produced by the human body. It contains no tryptophan and is deficient in lysine, methionine, and tyrosine
Bihaku (美白) is a Japanese fashion style where one aims to have white skin, or a general lack of pigment, to achieve the ideal irojiro (色白), or fair skin.
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Although skin tone differs based on a person's race, in general skin color is based on the amount of melanin in the skin. Skin color is affected by the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells that flow through the capillaries under the skin. Because of this, having pure white skin is difficult, but bihaku aims to bring the skin color as close to white as possible.
In Japan, the preference for skin that is white and free of blemishes and spots has been around for a long time. There is a proverb that says "The color white will hide the Seven Misfortunes. (For fair-skinned girls, although they may have unattractive spots, they don't stand out.)"
While yearning for whiteness as such was not new, it became a fad in mid-1990s, after when Suzuki Sonoko, an already successful "Diet Queen" started to promote the aesthetics of beautiful white, under the word "bihaku".[1] Previously, skin care words that referred to melanin problems like "stain" and "freckles" were used.
An opposition to the term "bihaku" gradually grew amongst high school ganguro and gyaru.
The popular method of bihaku is to use cosmetics that stop the production of melanin.
For skin whitening cosmetics for use by the public, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan) has recognized a combination of active ingredients. These are mainly arbutin used in creams like Super Skin Lightener and kojic acid. Other ingredients include Vitamin C derivatives, tranexamic acid and ten-odd other types. In many of these active ingredients, an important enzyme called catechol oxidase is present, and it works either directly or indirectly to stop the creation of melanin.
As for other methods of skin whitening, other decolorizing chemicals are used. Aesthetic skin decolorizing surgeries are performed, but excessive cleansings can cause a number of problems, such as facial inflammation, but in the 2000s this is in decline. Historically, the droppings of the Japanese bush-warbler (uguisu (鴬)) has been used as an ingredient in face-washing for making the skin whiter.
MLE (Multi-Lamellar Emulsion) is an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion showing multi-lamellar structure and an original technology developed by NeoPharm in South Korea.
MLE is made with NeoPharm's proprietary pseudoceramide PC-9S. Lamellar structure, also observed in stratum corneum, is defined as a thin plate or membrane of skin lipids. MLE shows multiple layers of this lamellar structure, and as a moisturizer, MLE offers long-lasting skin moisturizing effects through reinforcing the skin's natural barrier function.[1]
Under cross polarized microscopy, skin lipids and MLE show the similar cross-like structure, termed as Maltese cross structure, and under electron microscopy, lamellar structures are observed. Stratum corneum, as the outermost layer of skin, is responsible for the various barrier function of skin and protects our body from external harmful things.
Stratum corneum lipids are elaborately organized into lamellar structure, which plays the most important role for skin's barrier functions. Unlike the conventional moisturizers made with humectants or emollients, MLE can restore and improve the barrier function of skin, with its distinctive structural similarity to the native human skin's lamellar structure. Restoring the skin barrier function can improve skin hydration and protect skin from external irritants.
The efficacy of MLE on skin barrier was proven by several clinical studies performed in independent University Hospitals and reported in peer-reviewed academic journals, including Journal of Investigative Dermatology, one of the most renowned journals in the field of dermatology. Along with its therapeutic benefits, MLE also shows non-sticky textures, allowing quick absorption after application.[1][2][3][4]
As an O/W emulsion, MLE can be also used as a vehicle (carrier) for topical drugs. The multiple layer of MLE offers stabilization of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and efficient penetration of API into skin.
