Campaign for Safe Cosmetics

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The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics is a coalition of public health, educational, religious, labor, women's, environmental and consumer groups with a goal to protect the health of consumers and workers by requiring the health and beauty industry to phase out the use of chemicals linked to cancer, birth defects and other health problems and replace them with safer alternatives.

Founding campaign members include: Alliance for a Healthy Tomorrow, the Breast Cancer Fund, Commonweal, Environmental Working Group, Friends of the Earth, National Black Environmental Justice Network, National Environmental Trust, and Women's Voices for the Earth

Ingredients

Ingredients

As well as more conventional moisturising ingredients, anti-aging creams usually contain anti-aging ingredients such as:

• Retinol (for instance, in the form of retinyl palmitate). In various formulations it has been shown to reduce fine lines and pores^[7].
• Epidermal Growth Factor, made of 53 amino acids to stimulate cell renewal and Collagen production in the skin and strengthen elasticity and structure. The discovery of Epidermal Growth Factor won Dr. Stanley Cohen a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1986. In various research Epidermal Growth Factor has been shown to reduce fine lines, wrinkles and sagging.^[8] It also has healing (wounds and burns) and anti-inflammatory properties when applied to skin ^[9].
• Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta hydroxy acids or other chemical peels. These help to dissolve the intracellular "glue" that holds the dead cells together on the skin. The use of this type of product on a daily basis gradually enhances the exfoliation of the epidermis. This exposes newer skin cells and can help improve appearance. AHAs may irritate some skin, causing redness and flaking.
• Peptides, such as Argireline (acetyl hexapeptide-3), Matryxil, and copper peptides.
• Coenzyme Q10
• Anti-oxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals.^[10]
• Sunscreens. A high level of UVA protection is recommended as UVA radiation is associated with aging effects such as wrinkles.^[11]

The effects of these ingredients depends on their concentration and mode of application. Many skin care companies recommend using a treatment programme which may combine these ingredients. For example, AHAs can make the skin more vulnerable to damage from the sun, so the increased use of sunscreens is often recommended.

Anal bleaching

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Anal bleaching is the process of lightening the color of the skin around the anus. It is done for cosmetic purposes, to make the anus more uniform with the surrounding area.

Procedure

Some treatments are applied in the office by a medical technician, while others are given as a prescription cream or ointment to be applied to the relevant area.^{[citation needed]}

Skin bleaching cream is also available over the counter. Hydroquinone creams can be used to minimize spots that occur due to sun exposure, age, and birth control pills.^{[citation needed]}

Use

Anal bleaching has been used by adult film stars to provide a less pigmented (lighter) appearance

Ingredients

Ingredients

Airbrush cosmetics are usually thin and highly pigmented. Film formers may be added for increased durability, depending on the formulation. As with most liquid or cream cosmetic formulations, the ingredients breakdown usually consists of pigments, resins, solvents; and additives.

Pigments used include Chromium Oxide Green, D&C Red #6 Barium Lake, Red #7 Calcium Lake, Red #28, Yellow #10; FD&C Yellow #5, Red #40, Red #28, Blue #1; Iron Oxides, Talc, Titanium Dioxide, Ultramarine Blue, or Ultramarine Pink.

History and uses

History and uses

For more details on this topic, see Airbrush.

The first airbrush was patented in 1876 by Francis Edgar Stanley. Abner Peerler is credited for creating and patenting his own airbrush in 1879, which he specifically named "Air Brush".^{[clarification needed]} Peerler’s airbrush was created from a hand-operated compressor that included spare parts from a jeweler’s workshop. Initially, the device was created for artistic purposes, such as painting watercolors, but over time, it adopted multiple purposes.

Four years after Peerler first developed his device, a company named Liberty Walkup began to market his invention. In 1893, Thayer and Chandler presented the first modern airbrush at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. The design, which resembled a pen, was developed by Charles Burdick. Today airbrushes are still developed and sold in England by Aerograph, Burdick’s original company. In 1925, an airbrush was used to enhance the looks of actors in Ben-Hur. Since that time, they have been used by Hollywood filmmakers.

Airbrush makeup is used on several areas of the body such as the face and eye lids. It can also be used as a form of body makeup, covering bruises and scars. Some airbrush makeup manufacturers have created airbrush tanning systems, which gives a bronzed glow

Airbrush makeup

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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Its tone or style may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Tagged since July 2008. Very few or no other articles link to it. Please help introduce links to this page from other articles related to it. Tagged since July 2008.

Airbrush makeup is makeup sprayed onto the skin using an airbrush instead of being applied with sponges, brushes, fingers, or other methods. It is popular in film, theater, and sunless tanning; although systems designed for personal cosmetic use in the home are also available. Airbrush systems designed for these purpose are usually smaller and work at a lower pressures than systems used in industrial applications. The technique was first used in 1925 on actors in Ben Hur and has since grown in popularity in the entertainment business।

Cosmetics advertising

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Actresses Gong Li and Andie MacDowell have both appeared in many advertisements for L'Oréal.

Cosmetic advertising is the promotion of cosmetics and beauty products by the cosmetics industry through a variety of media. The advertising campaigns are usually aimed at women wishing to improve their appearance, commonly to increase physical attractiveness and reduce the signs of ageing.

Contents

Criticism

Many campaigns have come under fire through their alleged use of pseudoscience and their promotion of unrealistic goals. Moreover, many campaigns are accused of inducing harmful habits on people (such as bulimia and anorexia), and leading to destructive plastic surgery practices.

In addition, cosmetic advertising is often accused of excessively using photo manipulation to enhance the appearance of models, instead of using the cosmetics themselves, creating an unrealistic image of the product's benefits, Estée Lauder for example.

Helioplex

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Helioplex is a proprietary name by Neutrogena for a patented formulation of broad spectrum UVA/UVB skin protection containing Avobenzone and Oxybenzone.

Avobenzone containing products have decreasing efficiency after a few hours of sun exposure, but the addition of Oxybenzone reduces the amount of degradation that occurs ^1..

Aveeno advertises its products using this formulation under a different name of "Active Photobarrier Complex."