Partial face transplant
The world's first partial face transplant on a living human was carried out on November 27, 2005[7][8] by Dr Bernard Devauchelle, an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, and Dr Jean-Michel Dubernard in Amiens, France. Isabelle Dinoire[7] underwent surgery to replace her original face that had been ravaged by her dog. A triangle of face tissue from a brain-dead human's nose and mouth was grafted onto the patient. On 13 December 2007, the first detailed report of the progress of this transplant after 18 months was released in the New England Journal of Medicine and documents that the patient is happy with the results but also that the journey has been very difficult, especially with respect to her immune system's response.[9][10]
In April 2006, the Xijing military hospital in Xian, China carried out a similar operation, transplanting the cheek, upper lip, and nose of Li Guoxing, who was mauled by an Asiatic black bear while protecting his sheep.[11][12]
On 21 December 2008 it was reported that Li Guoxing had died in July in his home village in Yunnan Province. Prior to his death, a documentary on the Discovery Channel showed he had stopped taking immuno-suppressant drugs in favor of herbal medication. This was suggested to be a contributing factor to his death by his surgeon, Dr Guo Shuzhong.
A 29-year-old French man underwent surgery in 2007. He had a facial tumor called a neurofibroma caused by a genetic disorder. The tumor was so massive that the man could not eat or speak properly.
In March 2008, the treatment of 30-year-old neurofibromatosis victim Pascal Coler of France ended after he received what his doctors call the world's first successful almost full face transplant.
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